Mhedzisiro yemafungu emagetsi pahutachiona hwepathogenic uye nzira dzakabatana: wongororo muJenali yeVirology.

Pathogenic hutachiona hwehutachiona hwave dambudziko guru rehutano hweveruzhinji pasi rese.Hutachiona hunogona kutapurira zvipenyu zvese zvemaserura uye kukonzera kukuvara kwakasiyana-siyana uye kukuvara, zvichitungamira kuchirwere uye kunyangwe rufu.Nekuwanda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakanyanya senge acute acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda uye dzakachengeteka dzekumisa hutachiona hwepathogenic.Nzira dzechinyakare dzekumisa mavhairasi epathogenic dzinoshanda asi dzine zvadzinogumira.Nehunhu hwesimba rinopinda nepamusoro, resonance yemuviri uye pasina kusvibiswa, masaisai emagetsi ave nzira inogoneka yekumisa mavhairasi epathogenic uye ari kukwezva kutarisisa.Chinyorwa ichi chinopa mucherechedzo wezvichangobva kubuda zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa mafungu emagetsi pamavhairasi epathogenic uye maitiro avo, pamwe netarisiro yekushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi ekusaita mavhairasi epathogenic, pamwe chete nemazano matsva uye nzira dzekusashanda kwakadaro.
Mavhairasi mazhinji anopararira nekukurumidza, anoramba aripo kwenguva yakareba, ane pathogenic zvakanyanya uye anogona kukonzera denda repasi rose uye njodzi dzakakomba dzehutano.Kudzivirira, kuona, kuyedzwa, kupedzwa uye kurapwa ndiwo matanho akakosha ekumisa kupararira kwehutachiona.Kukurumidza uye kunobudirira kubviswa kwehutachiona hwepathogenic kunosanganisira prophylactic, kudzivirira, uye kubviswa kwenzvimbo.Kusashanda kwemavhairasi epathogenic nekuparadzwa kwemuviri kuderedza kusatapukira kwavo, pathogenicity uye kugona kubereka inzira inoshanda yekubvisa kwavo.Nzira dzechinyakare, kusanganisira tembiricha yakakwira, makemikari uye mwaranzi yeionizing, inogona kunyatso kumisa hutachiona hwepathogenic.Zvisinei, nzira idzi dzichine zvimwe zvisingakwanisi.Nokudaro, pachine chido chekukurumidzira chekugadzira mazano matsva ekusashanda kwehutachiona hwepathogenic.
Kuburitswa kwemasaisai emagetsi kune zvakanakira simba rinopinda nepamusoro, kupisa nekukurumidza uye yunifomu, resonance nema microorganisms uye kuburitswa kweplasma, uye inotarisirwa kuve nzira inoshanda yekumisa mavhairasi epathogenic [1,2,3].Kugona kwemafungu emagetsi kumisa mavhairasi epathogenic kwakaratidzwa muzana ramakore rapfuura [4].Mumakore achangopfuura, kushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi ekusaita mavhairasi epathogenic kwakakwezva kutarisisa.Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura maitiro emagetsi emagetsi pahutachiona hwepathogenic uye maitiro avo, ayo anogona kushanda segwara rinobatsira rekutanga uye rinoshandiswa tsvagiridzo.
Iyo morphological maitiro evhairasi anogona kuratidza mabasa akadai sekupona uye kutapukira.Zvakaratidzwa kuti mafungu emagetsi, kunyanya epamusoro-soro frequency (UHF) uye epamusoro-soro frequency (EHF) mafungu emagetsi, anogona kukanganisa morphology yehutachiona.
Bacteriophage MS2 (MS2) inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvagisa senge disinfection evaluation, kinetic modeling (aqueous), uye biological characterization yehutachiona mamorekuru [5, 6].Wu akawana kuti microwaves pa2450 MHz uye 700 W yakakonzera kuunganidzwa uye kuderera kukuru kweMS2 phage yemumvura mushure meminiti 1 yekudiridza yakananga [1].Mushure mekuwedzera kuferefeta, kuputika kwepamusoro kweMS2 phage kwakaonekwawo [7].Kaczmarczyk [8] yakafumura kumiswa kwemasamples econavirus 229E (CoV-229E) kusvika kumamilimita masaisai ane frequency ye95 GHz uye kusimba kwesimba kwe70 kusvika 100 W/cm2 kwe0.1 s.Makomba makuru anogona kuwanikwa mune rough spherical shell yehutachiona, izvo zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa kwezviri mukati maro.Kuratidzwa kune electromagnetic mafungu kunogona kukanganisa kumhando dzehutachiona.Zvisinei, kuchinja kwemaitiro e morphological, akadai sechimiro, dhayamita uye kutsetseka kwepamusoro, mushure mekusangana nehutachiona nemagetsi emagetsi hazvizivikanwi.Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuongorora hukama huri pakati pemaitiro e-morphological uye kusagadzikana kwekushanda, izvo zvinogona kupa zviratidzo zvakakosha uye zviri nyore zvekuongorora kusashanda kwehutachiona [1].
Chimiro chevhairasi kazhinji chinosanganisira mukati nucleic acid (RNA kana DNA) uye yekunze capsid.Nucleic acids inosarudza genetic uye kudzokorora maitiro evhairasi.Iyo capsid ndiyo yekunze layer yeanogara akarongedzerwa mapuroteni subunits, iyo yakakosha scaffolding uye antigenic chikamu chehutachiona hwehutachiona, uye zvakare inodzivirira nucleic acids.Mavhairasi mazhinji ane envelopu chimiro chakaumbwa nelipids uye glycoprotein.Pamusoro pezvo, mapuroteni ehamvuropu anoona iwo chaiwo ezvinogamuchirika uye anoshanda semaantigens makuru ayo immune system yemugadziri anogona kuziva.Chimiro chakakwana chinovimbisa kutendeseka uye kugadzikana kwemajini ehutachiona.
Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti mafungu emagetsi, kunyanya UHF emagetsi emagetsi, anogona kukuvadza RNA yehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere.Wu [1] yakafumura zvakananga nharaunda ine mvura yehutachiona hweMS2 kusvika ku2450 MHz microwaves kwemaminetsi maviri uye akaongorora majini encoding protein A, capsid protein, replicase protein, uye cleavage protein negel electrophoresis uye reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RT-PCR).Aya majini akaparadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kuwanda kwesimba uye akatonyangarika pakuwanda kwemagetsi.Semuenzaniso, kutaura kweprotein A gene (934 bp) yakaderera zvakanyanya mushure mekusangana nemafungu emagetsi ane simba re 119 uye 385 W uye yakanyangarika zvachose apo simba remagetsi rakawedzerwa kusvika ku700 W. Iyi data inoratidza kuti mafungu emagetsi anogona, zvichienderana nehuwandu, paradza chimiro che nucleic acids yevhairasi.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidza kuti mhedzisiro yemafungu emagetsi emagetsi epathogenic viral mapuroteni anonyanya kubva pane yavo isina kunanga yekupisa mhedzisiro kune vanoyananisa uye yavo isina kunanga maitiro eprotein synthesis nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwe nucleic acids [1, 3, 8, 9].Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yeathermic inogona zvakare kushandura polarity kana chimiro chehutachiona mapuroteni [1, 10, 11].Iyo yakananga mhedzisiro yemafungu emagetsi pane akakosha masisitimu / asiri-akarongeka mapuroteni akadai secapsid mapuroteni, hamvuropu mapuroteni kana spike mapuroteni ehutachiona hwepathogenic achiri kuda kumwe kudzidza.Ichangobva kutaurwa kuti 2 maminetsi emagetsi emagetsi panguva ye 2.45 GHz ane simba re 700 W anogona kupindirana nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveprotein charge kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzinopisa uye oscillating minda yemagetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi chaiwo emagetsi [12].
Iyo envelopu yehutachiona hwepathogenic yakabatana zvakanyanya nekugona kwayo kukanganisa kana kukonzera chirwere.Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakataura kuti UHF uye microwave electromagnetic mafungu anogona kuparadza mabhomba ehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere.Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, maburi akasiyana anogona kuonekwa muvharopu yekoronavirus 229E mushure mekuratidzwa kwe 0.1 yechipiri kune 95 GHz millimeter wave pasimba resimba re70 kusvika 100 W/cm2 [8].Mhedzisiro yekufambiswa kwesimba resonant yemafungu emagetsi inogona kukonzera kushushikana kwakakwana kuparadza chimiro chevhavhavhavhapu.Kune mavhairasi akafukidzwa, mushure mekuputika kwemvuropu, kusagadzikana kana chimwe chiitiko chinowanzo kuderera kana kurasika zvachose [13, 14].Yang [13] akafumura H3N2 (H3N2) hutachiona hwefuruwenza uye H1N1 (H1N1) hutachiona hwefuruwenza kuma microwaves pa8.35 GHz, 320 W/m² uye 7 GHz, 308 W/m², zvichiteerana, kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu.Kuenzanisa masaini eRNA emavhairasi epathogenic akafumurwa kumasaisai emagetsi uye modhi yakakamurwa yakaomeswa nechando uye nekukasira kunyungudutswa mune yenitrogen yemvura kune akati wandei, RT-PCR yakaitwa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti masaini eRNA emhando mbiri idzi anowirirana.Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti chimiro chemuviri chehutachiona chakakanganiswa uye chimiro chehamvuropu chinoparadzwa mushure mekusangana nemwaranzi yemicrowave.
Chiitiko chetachiona chinogona kuonekwa nekukwanisa kwayo kukanganisa, kudzokorora uye kunyora.Viral infectivity kana chiitiko chinowanzoongororwa nekuyera hutachiona hwehutachiona uchishandisa plaque assays, tissue culture median infective dose (TCID50), kana luciferase reporter gene basa.Asi inogona zvakare kuongororwa zvakananga nekuparadzanisa hutachiona hwehupenyu kana nekuongorora hutachiona antigen, hutachiona hwehutachiona density, kupona kwehutachiona, nezvimwe.
Zvinonzi UHF, SHF uye EHF mafungu emagetsi anogona kumisa zvakananga mavhairasi aerosols kana hutachiona hwemvura.Wu [1] yakafumura MS2 bacteriophage aerosol inogadzirwa nerabhoritari nebulizer kune electromagnetic masaisai ane frequency ye2450 MHz uye simba re700 W kwemaminetsi 1.7, nepo MS2 bacteriophage yekupona yaingova 8.66%.Zvakafanana neMS2 viral aerosol, 91.3% yeaqueous MS2 yakavharwa mukati memaminitsi 1.5 mushure mekuratidzwa kune imwecheteyo dosi remagetsi emagetsi.Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kwemwaranzi yemagetsi kuita kuti hutachiona hweMS2 huve hwakanangana nekuwanda kwesimba uye nguva yekuratidzwa.Nekudaro, kana iyo deactivation inoshanda inosvika pakukosha kwayo kukuru, iyo deactivation inoshanda haigone kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera nguva yekuratidzira kana kuwedzera simba remagetsi.Semuyenzaniso, hutachiona hweMS2 hwaive nehushoma hwekupona hwe2.65% kusvika 4.37% mushure mekusangana ne2450 MHz uye 700 W emagetsi masaisai, uye hapana shanduko yakakosha yakawanikwa nekuwedzera kuratidzwa nguva.Siddharta [3] akabatidza kumiswa kwesero tsika ine hutachiona hwehepatitis C (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nemasaisai emagetsi panguva ye2450 MHz uye simba re360 W. Vakaona kuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakadonha zvakanyanya. mushure memaminitsi matatu ekuratidzwa, zvichiratidza kuti electromagnetic wave radiation inoshanda paHCV neHIV-1 infectivity uye inobatsira kudzivirira kutapurirwa kwehutachiona kunyangwe hukaiswa pamwe chete.Paunenge uchivhenekera HCV cell tsika uye HIV-1 suspensions ane yakaderera-simba emagetsi masaisai ane frequency 2450 MHz, 90 W kana 180 W, hapana shanduko muhutachiona titer, inotemerwa ne luciferase mutori wenhau basa, uye shanduko yakakosha muhutachiona hwehutachiona. zvakaonekwa.pa600 uye 800 W kweminiti 1, hutachiona hwemavhairasi ese ari maviri hauna kuderera zvakanyanya, izvo zvinotendwa kuti zvine chekuita nesimba reiyo electromagnetic wave mwaranzi uye nguva yekunyanya kupisa tembiricha.
Kaczmarczyk [8] yakatanga kuratidza kuuraya kweEHF electromagnetic waves kurwisa mavhairasi anokonzerwa nemvura muna 2021. Vakafumura samples dzeconavirus 229E kana poliovirus (PV) kumafungu emagetsi emagetsi pafrequency ye95 GHz uye kusimba kwesimba kwe70 kusvika 100 W/cm2. kwemasekonzi maviri.Iko kusashanda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwaiva 99.98% uye 99.375%, maererano.izvo zvinoratidza kuti EHF magetsi emagetsi ane tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa mumunda wehutachiona kusashanda.
Kushanda kweUHF kusashanda kwehutachiona kwakaongororwawo mune dzakasiyana siyana semukaka wezamu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa mumba.Vatsvakurudzi vakafumura masks eanesthesia akasvibiswa neadenovirus (ADV), poliovirus rudzi 1 (PV-1), herpesvirus 1 (HV-1) uye rhinovirus (RHV) kumagetsi emagetsi panguva yakawanda ye2450 MHz uye simba re720 watts.Vakataura kuti bvunzo dzeADV nePV-1 maantigen dzakava dzisina kunaka, uye HV-1, PIV-3, uye RHV titers yakadonha kusvika zero, zvichiratidza kusashanda zvachose kwemavhairasi ese mushure me4 maminetsi ekuratidzwa [15, 16].Elhafi [17] yakanyatsofumura swabs ine avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), uye avian influenza virus (AIV) kusvika ku2450 MHz, 900 W microwave oven.kurasikirwa kwavo nehutachiona.Pakati pavo, APV neIBV zvakaonekwa zvakare mutsika dzenhengo dzetracheal dzakawanikwa kubva kumahuku embryos echizvarwa chechishanu.Kunyangwe hutachiona hwaisagona kuparadzaniswa, iyo viral nucleic acid yakanga ichiri kuonekwa neRT-PCR.Ben-Shoshan [18] akafumura zvakananga 2450 MHz, 750 W mafungu emagetsi emagetsi kusvika ku15 cytomegalovirus (CMV) masampuli emukaka wemazamu akanaka kwemasekonzi makumi matatu.Kuonekwa kweAntigen neShell-Vial kwakaratidza kusashanda kwakakwana kweCMV.Zvisineyi, pa500 W, 2 kubva pagumi neshanu samples hadzina kuwana kusashanda zvachose, izvo zvinoratidza kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pekusashanda zvakanaka uye simba remagetsi emagetsi.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti Yang [13] akafanotaura kuti resonant frequency pakati pemasaisai emagetsi uye mavhairasi akavakirwa pamhando dzakasimbiswa dzemuviri.Kumiswa kwehutachiona hweH3N2 particles ane density ye7.5 × 1014 m-3, yakagadzirwa nehutachiona-sensitive Madin Darby imbwa maseru eitsvo (MDCK), yainyatsooneswa nemafungu emagetsi pafrequency ye8 GHz uye simba re820. W/m² kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.Chiyero chekusashanda kwehutachiona hweH3N2 hunosvika 100%.Zvisinei, pachikumbaridzo chezvinyorwa zve82 W / m2, 38% chete yehutachiona hweH3N2 yakanga isina kushandiswa, zvichiratidza kuti kushanda kweEM-mediated virus inactivation yakanyatsobatana nemasimba emagetsi.Zvichienderana nechidzidzo ichi, Barbora [14] akaverenga resonant frequency range (8.5-20 GHz) pakati pemafungu emagetsi uye SARS-CoV-2 uye akagumisa kuti 7.5 × 1014 m-3 yeSARS-CoV- 2 yakafumurwa mafungu emagetsi A wave. ine frequency ye 10-17 GHz uye simba rehuwandu hwe14.5 ± 1 W/m2 kwemaminetsi angangoita gumi nemashanu zvinozoguma ne100% deactivation.Ongororo ichangoburwa yakaitwa naWang [19] yakaratidza kuti maresonant frequencies eSARS-CoV-2 ndeye 4 uye 7.5 GHz, zvichisimbisa kuvepo kweiyo resonant frequency yakazvimirira yehutachiona titer.
Mukupedzisa, tinogona kutaura kuti mafungu emagetsi anogona kukanganisa aerosols uye kumiswa, pamwe nebasa rehutachiona pamhepo.Zvakaonekwa kuti kushanda kwekusashanda kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehuwandu uye simba remagetsi emagetsi uye svikiro rinoshandiswa pakukura kwehutachiona.Pamusoro pezvo, magetsi emagetsi anobva pane resonances yemuviri akakosha kwazvo kuti hutachiona husashande [2, 13].Kusvika ikozvino, mhedzisiro yemafungu emagetsi pane chiitiko chehutachiona hwepathogenic yakanyanya kutarisana nekuchinja kusatapukira.Nekuda kwemaitiro akaomarara, zvidzidzo zvakati wandei zvakataura mhedzisiro yemafungu emagetsi pakudzokorora uye kunyorwa kwehutachiona hwepathogenic.
Maitiro ekuti masaisai emagetsi aregedze mavhairasi ane hukama zvakanyanya nemhando yehutachiona, frequency uye simba remagetsi emagetsi, uye nzvimbo yekukura kwehutachiona, asi inoramba isina kuongororwa.Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa yakanangana nemaitiro ekupisa, athermal, uye structural resonant simba rekufambisa.
Iyo yekupisa mhedzisiro inonzwisiswa sekuwedzera kwekushisa kunokonzerwa nekumhanya-mhanya kutenderera, kudhumhana uye kukweshera kwemapolar mamorekuru mumatishu pasi pesimba remagetsi emagetsi.Nekuda kwechinhu ichi, mafungu emagetsi anogona kusimudza tembiricha yehutachiona pamusoro pechikumbaridzo chekushivirira kwemuviri, zvichikonzera kufa kwehutachiona.Nekudaro, mavhairasi ane mashoma epolar mamorekuru, ayo anoratidza kuti yakananga kupisa mhedzisiro pamavhairasi haawanzo [1].Mukupesana, kune akawanda akawanda polar mamorekuru ari pakati nepakati uye zvakatipoteredza, senge mamorekuru emvura, ayo anofamba zvinoenderana nealternating yemagetsi munda unonakidzwa nemafungu emagetsi, achigadzira kupisa kuburikidza nekukwesha.Kupisa kunozoendeswa kuutachiona kuti hukwidze tembiricha yacho.Kana iyo yekushivirira chikumbaridzo ichipfuura, nucleic acids uye mapuroteni zvinoparadzwa, izvo pakupedzisira zvinoderedza kusatapukira uye kunyange inactivates hutachiona.
Mapoka akati wandei akataura kuti masaisai emagetsi anogona kuderedza kutapukira kwemavhairasi kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kwekupisa [1, 3, 8].Kaczmarczyk [8] yakafumura kumiswa kweconavirus 229E kumafungu emagetsi emagetsi pa95 GHz ine simba remakumi manomwe kusvika ku100 W/cm² kwe0.2-0.7 s.Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwekushisa kwe100 ° C panguva iyi kwakakonzera kuparadzwa kwehutachiona morphology uye kuderedza basa rehutachiona.Izvi zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuita kwemafungu emagetsi pane mamorekuru emvura akatenderedza.Siddharta [3] yakavhenekerwa neHCV-ine maseru tsika kumiswa kweakasiyana genotypes, anosanganisira GT1a, GT2a, GT3a, GT4a, GT5a, GT6a uye GT7a, ine mafungu emagetsi pafrequency ye2450 MHz uye simba re90 W uye 1600 W. W, 600 W uye 800 Tue Nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwesero tsika yepakati kubva pa 26°C kusvika 92°C, mwaranzi wemagetsi wakaderedza kusatapukira kwehutachiona kana kudzima hutachiona zvachose.Asi HCV yakavhenekerwa nemafungu emagetsi kwenguva pfupi pasimba rakaderera (90 kana 180 W, 3 maminetsi) kana simba repamusoro (600 kana 800 W, 1 miniti), nepo pakanga pasina kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekushisa uye shanduko yakakosha mumhepo. hutachiona hahuna kucherechedzwa kusatapukira kana kuita.
Mhedzisiro iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti kupisa kwemagetsi emagetsi mafungu chinhu chakakosha chinokonzera kusatapukira kana kuita kwehutachiona hwepathogenic.Mukuwedzera, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza kuti kupisa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kunogadzirisa hutachiona hwepathogenic zvakanyanya kupfuura UV-C uye kupisa kwakajairika [8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
Pamusoro pezvinopisa zvinopisa, mafungu emagetsi anogona zvakare kushandura polarity yemamorekuru akadai semicrobial mapuroteni uye nucleic acids, zvichiita kuti mamorekuru atenderere uye kudedera, zvichikonzera kuderera kwekuita kana kufa [10].Zvinotendwa kuti kukurumidza kuchinjika kwepolar yemagetsi emagetsi kunokonzera mapuroteni polarization, izvo zvinotungamira kumonyoroka uye curvature yeprotein chimiro uye, pakupedzisira, kuprotein denaturation [11].
Izvo zvisiri izvo zvinokonzeresa mafungu emagetsi pahutachiona husina activation zvinoramba zvichinetsa, asi zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka [1, 25].Sezvatataura pamusoro, mafungu emagetsi anogona kupinda zvakananga muprotein yehamvuropu yehutachiona hweMS2 uye kuparadza nucleic acid yehutachiona.Uye zvakare, MS2 hutachiona aerosols inonyanya kunzwa kune emagetsi mafungu pane aqueous MS2.Nekuda kwemamorekuru mashoma epolar, senge mamorekuru emvura, munharaunda yakatenderedza MS2 hutachiona aerosols, athermic mhedzisiro inogona kuita basa rakakosha mumagetsi emagetsi wave-mediated virus inactivation [1].
Chiitiko che resonance (phenomenon of resonance) zvinoreva maitiro emuviri wemuviri kutora simba rakawanda kubva munzvimbo yaro panguva yaro yakasikwa uye wavelength.Resonance inoitika munzvimbo dzakawanda mumasikirwo.Zvinozivikanwa kuti mavhairasi anotenderera nema microwaves eiyo frequency mune yakaganhurirwa acoustic dipole mode, resonance phenomenon [2, 13, 26].Resonant modes dzekudyidzana pakati pe electromagnetic wave nehutachiona zviri kukwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda.Mhedzisiro yeanoshanda structural resonance energy transfer (SRET) kubva kuelectromagnetic waves kusvika yakavharwa acoustic oscillations (CAV) mumavhairasi inogona kutungamira mukutsemuka kwevhairasi membrane nekuda kwekupokana kwecore-capsid vibrations.Mukuwedzera, kushanda kwese kweSRET kwakabatana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uko ukuru uye pH yehutachiwana hwehutachiwana hunogadzirisa resonant frequency uye simba rinotora, maererano [2, 13, 19].
Iyo yemuviri resonance maitiro emagetsi emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha mukusashanda kwemavhairasi akafukidzwa, ayo akakomberedzwa nebilayer membrane yakanyudzwa mumapuroteni ehutachiona.Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kuvharwa kweH3N2 nemafungu emagetsi ane frequency ye6 GHz uye simba re 486 W/m² rakanyanya kukonzerwa nekuputika kweganda nekuda kwe resonance effect [13].Kupisa kweH3N2 kumiswa kwakawedzera ne7 ° C chete mushure memaminitsi gumi nemashanu ekuonekwa, zvisinei, nokuda kwekusashanda kwehutachiona hweH3N2 kuburikidza nekupisa kwekushisa, kutonhora kunopfuura 55 ° C kunodiwa [9].Zvinhu zvakafanana zvakacherechedzwa kune mavhairasi akadai SARS-CoV-2 uye H3N1 [13, 14].Mukuwedzera, kusashanda kwemavhairasi nemafungu emagetsi hakuiti kuti kuve nekuparara kwehutachiona hweRNA genomes [1,13,14].Nokudaro, kusashanda kwehutachiona hweH3N2 kwakasimudzirwa nekunzwa kwemuviri panzvimbo yekupisa kupisa [13].
Kuenzaniswa nemafuta ekupisa kwemafungu emagetsi, kusashanda kwehutachiona kuburikidza neresonance yemuviri kunoda yakaderera dosi paramita, iri pazasi peiyo microwave kuchengetedza zviyero zvakatangwa neInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [2, 13].Iyo resonant frequency uye simba dosi zvinoenderana nehunhu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, senge particle size uye elasticity, uye mavhairasi ese ari mukati meiyo resonant frequency anogona kunyatso kunangwa kune inactivation.Nekuda kwehupamhi hwekupinda mukati, kusavapo kweiyo ionizing radiation, uye kuchengetedzwa kwakanaka, hutachiona husina activation hunopindirana neathermic mhedzisiro yeCPET iri kuvimbisa kurapwa kwezvirwere zvakaipisisa zvevanhu zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi epathogenic [14, 26].
Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwekusaita mavhairasi muchikamu chemvura uye pamusoro peakasiyana midhiya, mafungu emagetsi anokwanisa kubata nemavhairasi aerosols [1, 26], inova budiriro uye yakakosha zvikuru pakudzora kutapurirana kwemhepo. utachiona uye kudzivirira kutapuriranwa kweutachiona munharaunda.chirwere chapararira munzvimbo.Zvakare, kuwanikwa kweiyo yemuviri resonance zvimiro zvemagetsi emagetsi kwakakosha zvikuru mundima iyi.Chero bedzi iyo resonant frequency yeimwe virion uye mafungu emagetsi anozivikanwa, mavhairasi ese ari mukati meiyo resonant frequency range yeronda anogona kunangwa, izvo zvisingakwanisi kuwanikwa nemaitiro echinyakare hutachiona inactivation nzira [13,14,26].Electromagnetic inactivation yehutachiona itsvagiridzo inovimbisa ine tsvagiridzo huru uye kukosha kwekushandisa uye kugona.
Kuenzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekuuraya hutachiona hwechinyakare, masaisai emagetsi ane hunhu hwekureruka, hunoshanda, hunoshanda kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kana uchiuraya mavhairasi nekuda kwehunhu hwahwo hwakasiyana [2, 13].Zvisinei, matambudziko akawanda anoramba aripo.Chekutanga, ruzivo rwemazuva ano runogumira kuzvinhu zvenyama zvemafungu emagetsi, uye nzira yekushandiswa kwesimba panguva yekubuda kwemafungu emagetsi haina kuburitswa [10, 27].Microwaves, kusanganisira millimeter mafungu, akashandiswa zvakanyanya kudzidza kusashanda kwehutachiona uye maitiro ayo, zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvemagetsi emagetsi pane mamwe ma frequency, kunyanya pama frequency kubva pa100 kHz kusvika 300 MHz uye kubva 300 GHz kusvika 10 THz, hazvina kutaurwa.Chechipiri, maitiro ekuuraya mavhairasi epathogenic nemasaisai emagetsi haasati ajekeswa, uye mavhairasi ane denderedzwa chete netsvimbo ndiwo akadzidzwa [2].Pamusoro pezvo, utachiona hudiki, husina masero, hunoshanduka nyore, uye hunopararira nekukurumidza, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kusashanda kwehutachiona.Electromagnetic wave tekinoroji ichiri kuda kuvandudzwa kuti ikunde chipingamupinyi chekumisa hutachiona hwepathogenic.Chekupedzisira, kutorwa kwakanyanya kwesimba rinopenya nemapolar molecules mukati, senge mamorekuru emvura, zvinoguma nekurasikirwa kwesimba.Mukuwedzera, kushanda kwe SRET kunogona kuchinjwa nemaitiro akawanda asingazivikanwi mumavhairasi [28].Iyo SRET mhedzisiro inogonawo kugadzirisa hutachiona kuti huenderane nenharaunda yahwo, zvichikonzera kupokana nemafungu emagetsi [29].
Mune ramangwana, tekinoroji yehutachiona inactivation uchishandisa mafungu emagetsi inoda kuvandudzwa.Tsvagiridzo yakakosha yesainzi inofanirwa kuve yakanangana nekujekesa maitiro ehutachiona inactivation nemagetsi emagetsi mafungu.Semuyenzaniso, mashandisirwo ekushandisa simba remavhairasi kana akafumurwa kumasaisai emagetsi, iyo yakadzama nzira yekusapisa kwekuita inouraya mavhairasi epathogenic, uye mashandiro eiyo SRET mhedzisiro pakati pemasaisai emagetsi nemhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona hunofanirwa kujekeswa zvakarongeka.Tsvagiridzo yakashandiswa inofanirwa kutarisisa maitiro ekudzivirira kunyudzwa kwesimba remwaranzi nemapolar molecules, kudzidza mabatiro emagetsi emagetsi emhando dzakasiyana siyana pahutachiona hwepathogenic, uye kudzidza kusapisa kwekupisa kwemafungu emagetsi mukuparadzwa kwehutachiona hwepathogenic.
Electromagnetic waves yave nzira inovimbisa yekumisa hutachiona hwepathogenic.Electromagnetic wave tekinoroji ine zvakanakira kusvibiswa kwakaderera, mutengo wakaderera, uye yakakwira pathogen hutachiona inactivation kunyatsoita, iyo inogona kukurira zvipimo zvechinyakare anti-hutachiona tekinoroji.Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagisa kunodiwa kuona maparamendi e electromagnetic wave tekinoroji uye kujekesa maitiro ehutachiona inactivation.
Imwe dhamu yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi inogona kuparadza chimiro uye chiitiko cheakawanda pathogenic hutachiona.Kushanda kwehutachiona kusashanda kunoenderana zvakanyanya ne frequency, simba density, uye nguva yekuratidzwa.Mukuwedzera, zvingangoitika zvinosanganisira thermal, athermal, uye structural resonance migumisiro yekufambisa simba.Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa antiviral tekinoroji, electromagnetic wave based virus inactivation ine zvakanakira zvekureruka, kushanda kwakanyanya uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera.Naizvozvo, electromagnetic wave-mediated virus inactivation yave inovimbisa antiviral nzira yekushandisa mune ramangwana.
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